Adult

Review articles

• McMahon M, Manji N, Driscoll DF, Bistrian BR. Parenteral nutrition in patients with diabetes mellitus: theoretical and practical considerations. JPEN: J Parent Enteral Nutr 13: 545-53, 1989. Review and practical clinical recommendations for management of parenteral nutrition in diabetes mellitus.
• Berger MM. Shenkin A. Trace elements in trauma and burns. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 1:513-517, 1998. Comprehensive review of trace element status in burns and trauma.
• Satyanarayana R, Klein S. Clinical efficacy of perioperative nutrition support. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 1: 51-58, 1998. Current review on efficacy of perioperative parenteral nutrition.
• Griffiths RD. Glutamine: establishing clinical indications. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2:177-182, 1999. Comprehensive review on clinical outcome data with glutamine supplementation.
• Dupont IE. Carpentier YA. Clinical use of lipid emulsions. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2:139-45, 1999. Comprehensive review on clinical metabolic data with different forms of intravenous lipids.
• Ross JA. Moses AG. Fearon KC. The anti-catabolic effects of n-3 fatty acids. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2:219-26, 1999. Reviews the recent evidence on anti-inflammatory and metabolic effects of n-3 fatty acids.
• Heyland DK. Enteral and parenteral nutrition in the seriously ill, hospitalized patient: a critical review of the evidence. J Nutr Health Aging 4: 31-41, 2000. Critical review on the efficacy of nutritional support in ICU patients.

 

Original reports

• Delmi M, Rapin C-H, Bengoa J-M, et al. Dietary supplementation in elderly patients with fractured neck of the femur. Lancet 335: 1013-1016, 1990. Classic report on the role of in-hospital nutritional support following hip fracture surgery.
• Buzby GP, Veterans Affairs Total Parenteral Nutrition Cooperative Study Group: Perioperative total parenteral nutrition in surgical patients. N Engl J Med 325:525-532, 1991. Classic report on the role of perioperative parenteral nutritional support in VA patients.
• Kudsk KA, Croce NM, Fabian A, et al. Enteral vs parenteral feeding: effects on septic morbidity following blunt and penetrating trauma. Ann Surg 215: 503-513, 1992. Classic report defining the importance of entereal vs. parenteral feeding after trauma.
• Ziegler TR, Young LS, Benfell K, et al: Clinical and metabolic efficacy of glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition after bone marrow transplantation. Ann Int Med 116: 821-828,1992. First study defining clinical efficacy of glutamine supplementation of TPN.
• Daly JM, Lieberman MD, Goldfine J, et al: Enteral nutrition with supplemental arginine, RNA, and omega-3 fatty acids in patients after operation: immunologic, metabolic, and clinical outcome. Surgery 112: 56-67,1992. Classic study on the efficacy of enteral arginine supplementation after major operation.
• Howard L, Ament M, Fleming CR, et al. Current use and clinical outcome of home parenteral and enteral nutrition therapies in the United States. Gastroenterology . 109:355-365, 1995. Comprehensive review on patterns of home nutrition support in the USA.
• Battistella FD, Widergren JT, Anderson JT, et al. A prospective, randomized trial of intravenous fast emulsion administration in trauma victims requiring total parenteral nutrition. J Trauma Inj Infect Crit Care 43: 52-60, 1997. Well-done study suggesting that intravenous lipid emulsion in burn patients worsens outcome.
• Heyland DK, MacDonald S, Keefe L, Drover JW. Total parenteral nutrition in the critically ill patient: a meta-analysis. JAMA 280: 2013-2019, 1998. Meta-analysis on the efficacy of parenteral nutrition in ICU patients.
• Montejo JC. Enteral nutrition-related gastrointestinal complications in critically ill patients: a multicenter study. Crit Care Med 27: 1447-1453, 1999. Comprehensive study on complications related to enteral (primarily gastric) tube feeding.
• Chan S, McCowen KC, Bistrian BR, et al. Incidence, prognosis, and etiology of end-stage liver disease in patients receiving home parenteral nutrition. Surgery 29: 28-34, 1999. Study demonstrates risk factors for liver dysfunction in patients receiving home TPN.

 

Seminal papers

• Wilmore DW, Dudrick SJ. Growth and development of an infant receiving all nutrients exclusively by vein. JAMA. 203: 860-864, 1968. First demonstration of growth and development with parenteral feeding alone in humans.
• Streat SJ, Beddoe AH, Hill GL. Aggressive nutritional support does not prevent protein loss despite fat gain in septic intensive care patients. J Trauma Inj Infect Crit Care . 27:262-266, 1987. State-of-the art body composition study showing that conventional nutrition support is unable to prevent erosion of lean body mass in severe critical illness.
• Bastow MD, Rawlings J, Allison SP. Benefits of supplementary tube feeding after fractured neck of femur: a randomized controlled trial. Br Med J 287: 1589-1592, 1983. Documents significant clinical benefits with tube feeding in this patient population.

 

Case Studies

1. Case Studies 1
2. Case Studies 2

 

Mediated materials

• Zeisel S (ed). Nutrition and Stress . CD-ROM in: Nutrition in Medicine . Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina.
• Milner-Fenwick Inc., Timonium, MD: American Gastroenterological Association Clinical Teaching Project.An excellent series of slide-based teaching materials. All units come with written teaching material associated with each slide. Order individual units (in slide or CD-ROM format) fromhttp://www.milner-fenwick.com/agaslides/aga.htm

Unit 13A: Energy and Protein

Unit 13B: Vitamins and Minerals

Unit 15: Clinical Nutrition I: Specialized Nutrition Support

Unit 16: Clinical Nutrition II: Short Bowel Syndrome

 

Web sites

The following sites may be most relevant to material in this section

American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
European Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
American Gastroenterological Association
Clinical Nutrition
Nutrition
 

Clinical algorithms, practice standards, position papers

• American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition: Standards for Home Nutrition Support. Nutr Clin Pract 7:65-69, 1992.
• American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. Board of Directors. Guidelines for the use of parenteral and enteral nutrition in adult and pediatric patients. JPEN J Parent Enteral Nutr 17: 1SA-52SA, 1993.
• American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. Standards for nutrition support: hospitalized patients. Nutr Clin Pract 10: 208-220, 1995.
• American Gastroenterological Association Medical Position Statement: guidelines for the use of enteral nutrition. Gastroenterology. 108:1280-1281, 1995.
• Kirby DF, DeLegge MH, Fleming CR. American Gastroenterological Association Technical Review on Tube Feeding for Enteral Nutrition. Gastroenterology 108: 1282-1301, 1995.
• Jolliet P, Pichard C, Biolo G, et al. Enteral nutrition in intensive care patients: a practical approach. Working Group on Nutrition and Metabolism, European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Int Care Med 24: 848-859, 1998.

 

Downloadable packages

• American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) http://www.clinnutr.org . The ASPEN web site provides several downloadable Standards of Practice Guidelines: Nutrition Support in Hospitalized Patients; Nutrition Support in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients; Adult Residents of Long-Term Facilities; Home Nutrition Support; Standards of Practice for Nutrition Support Physicians, Nurses, Pharmacists and Dietitians